Menene polyurethane?Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfani da kayan polyurethane?

Tun farkon samar da masana'antu a cikin 1950s, kayan polyurethane (wato, manyan polymers na kwayoyin halitta da ke dauke da ƙungiyoyin carbamate a cikin babban jerin macromolecules - NHCOO) sun ci gaba da sauri.Idan aka kwatanta da kayan roba na polymer, yana da nasa halaye na musamman.Zai iya amfani da lambobi daban-daban na ƙungiyoyi masu aiki da nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban bisa ga buƙatun aiki daban-daban, kuma suna amfani da hanyoyin samarwa daban-daban don samar da samfuran polyurethane tare da ayyuka daban-daban da halaye.

Hakanan akwai kayan da ba a cikin nau'in roba ba, kamar su robobi masu kumfa, samfuran robobi masu tsauri, sutura, filayen roba masu juriya sosai, fata na wucin gadi, manne, da sauransu.

A halin yanzu ana amfani da kayan polyurethane sosai a fannoni daban-daban, alal misali, a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya, samfuran sa masu ƙarfi, samfuran taushi da samfuran kumfa sun fi ƙarfin ƙarfe fiye da kayan ƙarfe (masu mahimmanci ga jirgin sama), galibi ana amfani da su a cikin murfin injin jirgin sama, birki mai sauri, eriya. Murfin, injin tankin mai na jirgin sama, sarrafa amfani da mai na carburetor buoys, da dai sauransu, kazalika da firam ɗin tallafi daban-daban da kujerun zama don adon cikin gida, kuma don rufi a cikin masana'antar sufuri.Matashin kujerun zama, kayan gida, har ma da tayoyin ba za su iya rabuwa da samfuran polyurethane ba, kuma sabon haɓakawa da amfani da samfuran a cikin na'urorin haɗi masu ɗaukar girgiza mota ya haifar da ƙari.

Ko da yake akwai nau'ikan samfuran polyurethane da yawa, rarrabuwar samfuransa ba wani abu bane illa: samfuran kumfa mai sassauƙa, samfura masu ƙarfi da elastomers.

Idan samfurin gyare-gyaren kayan aikin yana haɗuwa da roba na polyurethane, yawanci yana da ƙarfi kuma ana iya yin shi da sulfur, peroxide da polyisocyanate, kuma za'a iya tsara shi bisa ga tsarin samarwa da tsari na samfuran roba na al'ada.A cikin yanayin thermoplastic elastomers, ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren allura ko gyare-gyaren matsawa.A cikin yanayin filastik polyurethane, ana iya samar da shi ta hanyar simintin tef.

Ɗaukar samfuran kumfa mai sassauƙa na polyurethane a matsayin misali, tsarin samarwa yawanci nau'in gyare-gyaren ruwa ne mai sassa biyu.Wato, ƙungiya ɗaya ita ce farkon gaurayawan amsawar polyol polymer da isocyanate, sannan kuma masu amsawar da ke sama suna gauraye da wani rukuni wanda ya haɗa da ruwa, wakili mai kumfa, stabilizer, mai kara kuzari da wasu wakilai daban-daban don samar da Organic aminoformaldehyde Ester.A lokaci guda, masu amsawa kamar ƙungiyoyin urea suna amfani da wannan yanayin don samar da carbon dioxide, suna fitar da zafi mai yawa, sannan a yi amfani da abubuwan motsa jiki don daidaita saurin kumfa, kuma a ƙarshe sun kammala samfurin kumfa iri ɗaya.

A halin yanzu, masana'antun kera motoci suna ci gaba da haɓakawa cikin aminci, ta'aziyya da dorewa, kuma akwai manyan buƙatu don dorewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi na ɗaukar girgiza da damping elastomer sassa.Wani sabon nau'in girgizar girgizar da aka yi da kumfa polyurethane mai laushi ya bayyana a kasuwannin kasashen waje, kuma kayan aikin sa na zahiri da na inji da tasirin damping sun fi na na'urorin damping roba dan kadan.